Visa Waiver Program

The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) was created by the U.S. Congress in 1986. The goal of the program was to enable a greater number of short-term tourist and business travelers as well as reduce the burden of local U.S. State Department resources in processing tourist visa applications. Over the years, the program has evolved to include more member countries as well as include more travel restrictions. This page provides information on the VWP criteria for admitting new member nations, membership history, future membership outlook as well as provide an overview of the ESTA, the electronic travel authorization which allows a VWP country's citizens to visit the U.S. without a visa.

What qualifies a potential country into joining the Visa Waiver Program?

Countries that can be considered a sovereign state
Countries with a High Human Development Index (HDI)
Countries that share security data with the United States
Countries that are considered to have high-income economies
Countries with a low level of passport fraud and those that track lost or stolen passports
Countries with strict passport security requirements by using biometric electronic passports
Countries with a low number of citizens over-staying their visas and low number of immigration law violators
Countries with low non-immigrant visa refusal rate, specifically under 3% as specified in Section 217 (c)(2)(A)
Countries that have established credible counterterrorism, law enforcement, border control, and other security-focused organizations that seek to limit domestic crime and terrorism.

Countries currently on the Visa Waiver Program

Country or Countries	Date Admitted to VWP
United Kingdom, Japan	1988
France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, West Germany (later Germany in 1990)	1989
Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, San Marino, Spain	1991
Brunei	1993
Ireland	1995
Australia	1996
Slovenia	1997
Portugal , Singapore	1999
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, South Korea	2008
Greece	2010
Taiwan	2012
Chile	2014
Poland	2019

Countries removed from the Visa Waiver Program

Country	Date admitted to VWP	Date removed from VWP
Argentina	1996	2002
Uruguay	1999	2003

Countries being vetted to join the Visa Waiver Program

Country
Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Israel, Romania, Turkey, Uruguay

What do citizens of VWP countries need to do when visiting the U.S.?

Citizens of VWP countries will need an approved ESTA, or Electronic System for Travel Authorization to visit the United States for short term tourism, business, transit, or medical purposes. ESTA was created in 2008 and its purpose was to electronically process travel authorization applications online for citizens of VWP countries. By submitting an online application, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) can pre-screen travelers against terrorist and no-fly lists whilst an application is still active in the system. Travelers will need to meet all the necessary ESTA requirements in order to ensure their application will be approved.

Important information about ESTA

An ESTA is not a visa, it is a visa waiver.
The ESTA is required if arriving by air or cruise ship
An approved ESTA does not guarantee admission as there are continuous checks on an applicant's admissibility after the ESTA is granted.
Only passport holders of eligible countries can apply.
The ESTA can be used for tourism, business, transit, medical and other purposes for a period of 90 days. The ESTA allows travelers to carry out business and tourism without applying for a visa. The ESTA is valid for admission in all 50 U.S. states as well as the U.S. territories such as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean.
Travelers wishing to apply for an ESTA should aim to submit their applications online 72 hours before their departure to the U.S. A traveler must have his / her ESTA before embarking on the air or sea vessel to the United States.
Upon approval, an ESTA is valid for two-years or the date of passport expiry, whichever date is sooner.
Denied ESTA applicants may be still eligible to apply for a B2 Tourist Visa or B1 Business Visa to visit the United States.
Children and infants must each apply for an ESTA and must have their ESTA applications approved to travel to the United States.
Individuals who have traveled to Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria or Yemen on or after 1 March 2011 or those who are current or previous dual citizens of Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Sudan or Syria may no longer be eligible for ESTA and should consider applying for a visa to visit the U.S. if their ESTA is denied.

For more information on ESTA applicant requirements, visit the following page: ESTA Requirements

References

[1] "Visa Waiver Program". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2017-05-16. https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/visit/visa-waiver-program.html

[2] "TRAVEL ADVISORY; Accord Allows Trips to Japan Without a Visa". The New York Times. 30 October 1988. Retrieved 2017-05-16. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/30/travel/travel-advisory-accord-allows-trips-to-japan-without-a-visa.html

[3] "United States General Accounting Office: Implications of Eliminating the Visa Waiver Program" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-05-16. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0338.pdf

[4] "Visa Waiver Program". Americanlaw.com. Retrieved 2017-05-16. http://www.americanlaw.com/vwpp.html